In some eruptions, huge clouds move up the mountains, and rivers of lava flows on the sides of the mountain. In another eruption, red-hot ashes and coals of fire gush out from the mountain top, and chunks of hot stones thrown high into the air. Some minor eruptions have enormous power, so large that it can divide the mountain.
Basically, a volcano formed from magma, molten rock that is deepest in the earth. Magma is formed due to the heat inside the Earth's interior. At a certain depth, the temperature is very high heat so as to melt the rocks inside the earth. When this molten rock, gas dihasilkanlah which then mixes with the magma. Most of the magma formed at depths of 60 to 160 km below the earth's surface. Others are formed at depths of 24 to 48 km.
Magma containing gas, gradually rising to the surface because of its mass is lighter than the solid rock around it. When the magma rises, the magma melts the nearby rocks, forming a large cabin at a depth of about 3 km from the surface. This magma chamber which is a warehouse (reservoir) where volcanic eruptions originating materials.
enampang earth. Crust to rest on the mantle is almost entirely composed of oxides that are not fused. The process of volcanic rock fragments brought to the surface from a depth of lk. 200 km through the mantle, it is shown by the presence of the minerals olivine, pyroxene and garnet in the peridotite in the upper mantle
Knowledge of plate tectonics is the beginning of solving the puzzle of natural phenomena including mountain ranges, continents, earthquakes and volcanoes. Planet Earth mepunyai plenty of fluids and water on the surface. Both of these factors greatly influence the formation and composition of magma and volcanic locations and events
The heat of the earth is hot formed during the formation of the Earth about 4.5 billion years ago, along with the heat arising from the natural radioactive elements, such as isotopes of the elements K, U and Th with respect to time. Formed when the Earth is hotter, but then cools down gradually in accordance with the development of history. Cooling occurs due to release of heat and intensity vulkanisma on the surface. Propagation of heat from the earth to the surface in the form of convection, where the materials are heated at the base of the mantle, the depth of 2900 km below the earth moving and narrowing spreads around.
In the upper mantle, about 7 35 km below the earth, the materials are cooled and becomes solid, then sinks back into the convection flow. Litosfir including crust also generally have a thickness of 70 120 km and divided into several large fragments called tectonic plates. Plates move each other and also penetrate into the direction of mantle convection. Section pedestal above litosfir melengser weak zone upper mantle, which is also called astenosfir. Weak parts astenosfir occur at or near the temperature at which melting begins, some parts astenosfir Consequently fused, although most are still solid. Lk has a thick continental crust. 35 km, berdensiti low and a 2 billion years old, while the oceanic crust is thinner (lk. 7 km), more dense and aged not more than 200 million years. Continental crust over the top position of the oceanic crust due to differences in specific gravity, and both floats on astenosfir.
Volcanic structure, consisting of:
1. The structure of the crater is a form of negative morphology ataudepresi a result of volcanic activity, relatively round shape
2. Caldera, bentukmorfologinya such as crater diameter but more than 2 km. Caldera consists of: kalderaletusan, caused by a large eruption that throws most of his body; kalderaruntuhan, occurred because the collapse of most volcanic body due to spending a lot of material boiling magma chamber; resurgent caldera, caused by the collapse of some tubuhgunungapi followed by the collapse of the middle block; erosion caldera , occurs due to erosion at the crater walls that continually widens into the caldera
3. Fractures and graben, retaka-cracks or fractures in the volcanic body and it extends reach puluhankilometer thousands of feet. Amblasnya parallel fractures resulting in cracks between the blocks are called graben
4. Volcano-tectonic depression, its formation is characterized by mountain ranges that are associated with volcanic pemebentukan volumebesar expansion due to the surface of acid magma from the earth's crust. Depression can be mencapaiukuran tens of thousands of kilometers with a depth meter.
Via Youtube: "the occurrence of volcanic lava"
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